Nearly a decade ago I had the pleasure to meet Robert Grede, a charming and creative gentleman from Milwaukee who traveled to Columbia, TN, to spend hours in our local county archives conducting research for his book The Spur and the Sash, a historical fiction book based on the US Civil War experiences of one of his ancestors Sergeant George Van Norman and the time he spent convalescing in Maury county. We met at the Maury County Archives where Grede was scheduled to speak about his research and his soon to be released book.
One thing in particular really stuck with me from that presentation. Robert Grede said that as a far northern resident, he and his friends were curious about the seemingly romantic notion of the "old south plantation." He went on to say he was a bit disappointed to learn that a plantation is simply a farm.
A farm? I never really thought about it. Born and raised in a southern border state, I've always taken for granted the word "plantation." What is a plantation? Is is simply a farm? Is it defined by historical era? Architectural style? Size? Crop? Activity? Way of life?
Growing up in Franklin, Tennessee, we passed antebellum plantation home after plantation home on the school bus each morning going to school. It was just somebody's big, old house. Most were still residents, even if a bit dilapidated. Carnton Plantation, though fully restored and open to the public, was a rental house adjacent to the Carnton Golf and Swim Club (now a part of the Battle of Franklin Trust.) Some homes, I'm sorry to say, housed hay bales and smoked country hams. It's expensive to maintain a big, 150+ year old structure.
But what make large, old houses plantation homes verses just farm houses? I needed to know, so I went on a quest.
What I discovered is typically a Plantation home is a large house in a tropical or subtropical climate on a farm that concentrates on one crop, i.e. a cotton plantation, a sugarcane plantation, a pineapple plantation, a thoroughbred plantation. If a plantation had more than one main crop, like cotton, corn, and tobacco, then it was a farm, albeit a large one and could boast a large house.
Rippavilla Plantation, where I serve on the board of Directors, is really a misnomer. Rippavilla was not a plantation or a farm, but an estate. An Estate is different from a plantation and a farm in that it also hosts a business or activity either outside or adjacent to agriculture such as milling, ginning, or blacksmithing. What Rippavilla's additional businesses were, I'm not certain. I've heard it had it's on mill, but was that for use on the estate only or was it a business open to the public? I've heard it had it's own kiln, and the slaves were skilled brick masons and carpenters. But was it located at Rippavilla or at Susan McKissack Cheairs' father's home? It's quite possible Rippavilla was simply a large farm.
Are all large, old, southern homes called Plantations? The simple answer is No. But no one will point out the mistake if you make it. It does seem that the word "plantation" has become a generic word for large, old, southern home, many simply go by their name or are called farm, hall, estate, home or place. Just look at some of the beauties in Maury County.
The William McKissack Home (privately owned)
Antrim Farm (now a special events venue)
Elm Springs (Open to the Public for Tours and home to the SCV Headquarters)
Ferguson Hall (Open to the Public)
Haynes Haven on the site previously known as Woodlawn (Owned by GM and available to rent for special events)
Mayes-Frierson-Fuston Home (Privately owned)
Rattle and Snap Plantation (Privately owned, but Open to the public by appointment only)
Rippavilla Plantation (Open to the Public)
Athenaeum Rectory (Open on weekends and by appointment)
So whether they are Plantations, Farm Houses, or Estates, Maury county is home to more than 1500 structures that pre-date the American Civil War. I have no idea how many exist within middle Tennessee. Each is beautiful and rich with history and stories of the residents and those who worked the land.
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